Furthermore, systemic administration of α-MSH abrogates brain inflammation and cytokine expression evoked by cerebral ischemia or LPS (Rajora et al., 1997; Huang and Tatro, 2002), much as α-, β-, and γ-MSH reduced the production of NO, PGE2 during different inflammatory conditions (Weidenfeld et al., 1995; Muceniece et al., 2004; Cragnolini et al., 2006). The gene discussed is STAMBP; the disease is brain ischemia.