In addition, in highly metastatic and invasive 1-LN prostate cancers, cell-surface GRP78 acts as a receptor for activated α2-M leading to activation of PAK-2, and together with LIMK and cofilin phosphorylation, increases motility enhancing metastasis (Misra et al., 2004, 2005a). The gene discussed is A2M; the disease is prostate carcinoma.