HSPA5 and Alzheimer disease: Intriguingly, in the triple transgenic mice bearing FAD-linked mutations in APP and presenilins (3xTg-AD), which serve as an AD model, GRP78 levels are increased only by 1.5–2-fold in 2 month-old 3xTg-AD mice compared to controls, and this increase is associated with the presence of accumulated toxic Aβ peptide (Soejima et al., 2013).