On the other hand, in SA signaling pathway, mRNA level of those DEGs including transcription factors WRKY (c50433, c48617), MYB (c44072) and TGA (c46800) and pathogenesis-related protein (c40732) are lower in AF and AM than in AC, that consistent with the SA concentration in the above detection. This evidence concerns the gene TBX1 and atrial fibrillation.