Although the authors did not see an association of AQP4 expression and survival time among any of the WHO groups, they demonstrated that AQP4 up-regulation and redistribution could serve as a tumor progression marker in WHO grade II-IV astrocytomas, whereas unexpectedly high AQP4 expression levels were observed in WHO grade I pilocytic astrocytomas [48]. Here, AQP4 is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).