Overall the results described in this paper for the first time provide evidences that IL-8 and its receptors CXCR1/2 play a key role in the induction and progression of peripheral neuropathy and reinforce the hypothesis that CXCR1/2 inhibitors combined with standard taxane therapy might potentiate the taxane anti-tumor activity and reduce the chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is peripheral neuropathy.