It has been reported that HES1 up-regulation under oxidative stress contributes to pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including endothelial cell injury in atherosclerosis and hypertension [34], neuronal cell apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease [35], and myocardial damage following ischemia and reperfusion [36]. The gene discussed is HES1; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.