To further characterize the relationship between sumoylation and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of Smurf2 in its function in the control of tumor invasiveness, we determined the effect of fusion of SUMO on the ability of Smurf2KdR, Smurf2CA, or Smurf2KdRCA to promote the invasive growth of the three-dimensional-breast cancer organoids. The gene discussed is SMURF2; the disease is breast cancer.