Together, data suggest that targeting caspase-5 may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D that could be relevant for treatment of Th17-mediated autoinflammatory diseases with caspase-5 overexpression, such as psoriasis or lupus erythematosus (S4 Fig, S5 Fig), or others with proposed NLRP1 inflammasome activity[20, 21]. Here, CASP5 is linked to lupus erythematosus.