In a recently published review, Ishii and Iadecola (2016) speculate that the association of increased plasma adiponectin levels with dementia found in some studies, may be surprising for the first moment, since low adiponectin levels are often associated with obesity-associated disorders and adiponectin is generally considered to have protective properties. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.