TYR and melanoma: In B16 melanoma cells, PA treatment could inhibit melanin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 3.9 μg/mL), weaken ROS scavenging activities in DPPH radical (IC50 = 3.14 ± 0.12 μg/mL) and xanthine/xanthine oxidase system (IC50 = 49 ± 3.24 μg/mL) and intracellular tyrosinase activities, and suppress tyrosinase as well as TRP-2 expressions [77], suggesting that PA could be used as a useful whitening agent.