CDK5 and brain ischemia: We and other researchers have found that Tau hyperphosphorylation is increased by focal and global cerebral ischemia, which is closely related to spatial memory impairment (Gutiérrez-Vargas et al., 2015), implying the alteration of proteins that regulate microtubule assembly, such as glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3; Céspedes-Rubio et al., 2010) and CDK5 (Rashidian et al., 2009; Gutiérrez-Vargas et al., 2016), and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, such as the small GTPases RhoA and Rac (Rho family of GTPase members; Posada-Duque et al., 2015b).