DHFR and infection: Mutation analysis was successful at each codon analysed from the dhfr and dhps genes, that included the three codons (N51I, C59R and S108N) in dhfr and four codons (A437G, K540E, A581G and A613T/S) in dhps. The prevalence of mutations at each codon in monogenomic, polygenomic, and combined infections (as defined by MSP-typing) is shown in Table 2.