TNF and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Several fibrosis-related factors are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of IPF, including TGF-β1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and COL1A1 by promoting the proliferation of fibroblasts and transformation to myofibroblasts, leading to huge deposition of extracellular matrix [2].