Multiple markers of inflammation have been identified and among these interleukin 6 (IL-6) [16], interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10, CXCL10) [17], chitinase-3-like-1 protein (CHI3L1) [18] and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR-1) [15, 19] have been correlated with severity of illness and clinical outcome in sepsis as well as other critical care illnesses such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome, usually caused by severe infection [20, 21]. The gene discussed is CHI3L1; the disease is infection.