EPO and EPOR expression in neoplasia were first reported in clear cell and chromophilic cell renal carcinoma [7] and subsequently functional autocrine and paracrine EPO-EPOR systems were identified in human breast carcinoma, melanoma, prostate cells, and cervical cancer cells [8] suggesting a link to tumor progression. The gene discussed is EPOR; the disease is papillary renal cell carcinoma.