Interestingly, the phosphorylated form, p-RKIP, was highly expressed in all normal kidney tissues (H-score= 3), reduced in CKD (H-score = 1-2) and totally undetectable in all ccRCC tissue specimens, independently of tumor grade, presence of visceral metastases, lymph node involvement and tumor size (P<0.0001) (Figure 7). This evidence concerns the gene PEBP1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.