MAPK3 and alcohol abuse: Drugs of abuse promote maladaptive risk taking for the pursuit of immediate gratification although functionally impulsive risk taking confers an evolutionary advantage by encouraging the pursuit of unexpected opportunities.55, 56 In this study, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of the adenosine A2AR and ERK1/2 exacerbates waiting impulsivity, an essential predictor of alcohol use disorders.57 More importantly, our results show an association of A2AR antagonist-mediated increases in impulsivity and hippocampal neuroblast proliferation.