Since IPF is characterized by lung remodeling, which is often associated with alveolar collapse,2 we measured the area covered by airspace closure, indicative of collapsed airways.33 Mice with PF had a sevenfold increase in airspace closure (Figure 7c, lane 4), which was significantly reduced by galectin-1 inhibitor (Figure 7c, lane 6). Here, LGALS1 is linked to pemphigus foliaceus.