HIPK3 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Wan et al. has shown association of genes such as HIPK3(homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 3), a serine-threonine protein kinase that participates in cAMP-mediated steroidogenesis involved in the synthesis and regulation of steroid hormones, was differentially methylated in COPD who were under systemic steroid use [9].