Similarly, when we compared possible differentially methylated probes and their associated genes between COPD vs. non-smokers, results revealed the top 10 CpG sites such as ANGPT1 (cg22837763), PLD1 (cg22920586), NFASC (cg08830492), ACTN4 (cg25383568), RGS12 (cg05275153), CAV1 (cg15558717), PRKAG2 (cg06746365), JARID2 (cg24408769), HIPK2 (cg14630106), and MECOM (cg25010400) (Fig. 5 and Table 3). Here, ACTN4 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.