NSCLC patients harboring activating mutation of EGFR represent a subgroup of lung cancer patients that can benefit from the treatment with EGFR-TKIs but almost all patients experienced disease progression within 9–12 months from the start of treatment with first generation EGFR-TKIs (erlotinib or gefitinib) [1–3, 16]. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.