Interestingly, one of these factors, CXCL1 (also named as growth regulated oncogene 1, GRO-1), its serum levels were significantly higher in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) when compared with patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and the healthy controls [29]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.