CCR4 and melanoma: This conclusion is based on several independent findings namely: Using clinical samples we validated the findings that CCR4 expression is upregulated in melanoma metastasis; ectopically upregulating CCR4 expression by melanoma cells increased their local tumorigenicity and ability to form brain metastasis; Enriching for CCR4 expression increased the malignancy phenotype of melanoma cell populations; treating melanoma-bearing mice with a small molecule CCR4 antagonist significantly reduced local tumourigenicity and metastasis formation.