Cyclin D1 expression conferred liver cancer cells with more CSC- and SC-like features, such as increased CD90+ and EpCAM+ liver CSC populations [18] in spherical cancer cells (Figure 1D), as well as in attached cancer cells (Supplementary Figure 1F), and enhanced mRNA levels of the pluripotency-associated genes NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, NODAL and ACTIVIN (Figure 1E, Supplementary Figure 1G). Here, NODAL is linked to cancer.