PDCD1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: They concluded that PD1.3 polymorphism significantly associate with higher SLE risk in non-Spanish European population, while a negative association was observed in Spanish population.In the meta-analysis by Lee et al. [35], they included 15 case-control studies and demonstrated that the PD1.3 and PD1.5 allele was related to SLE susceptibility in Europeans, which was partly consistent with the results of our study.