CTNNB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Previous studies of the pathogenesis of HCC have revealed genetic alterations and molecular characteristics in HBV-mediated HCC such as mutations in beta catenin (CTNNB1), CDKN2A, TP53 and AXIN1 [10–13], amplification of CCND1/FGF19 and MYC, HBV integration in TERT and MLL4 [14–16].