Accordingly, dramatically increased levels of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumoral necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) are found in patients with AS [4–6]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is aortic valve stenosis.