Recently, we demonstrated that curli-DNA complexes found in enteric bacterial biofilms accelerate the progression of autoimmunity in a murine model of a human autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as these complexes induce the generation of autoantibodies and a type I interferon (IFN) response [23]. Here, IFNA1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.