PTH1R and neoplasm: Furthermore, another study performed immunohistochemical analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to reach a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying malignant transformation of enchondromas; the result demonstrated that parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) signaling is active in enchondromas, and the PTH type 1 receptor (PTHR1) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were associated with tumor progression [7].