MAPK14 and Hyperglycemia: The exact mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced upregulation of scavenger receptors remains unknown; one hypothesis is that hyperglycemia-mediated accumulation of reactive oxygen species induces proinflammatory signaling, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which induces the nuclear transcription factor-kappa (NF-κ) B pathway and subsequent upregulation of scavenger receptor expression [14].