TNFSF10 and cancer: Moreover, since Apo2L/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is fairly specific for cancer cells, a TRAIL plasmid encapsulated in PEG-conjugated PLA NPs (<120 nm) was injected intravenously and caused an increased median survival time (Hawkins, 2004; Lu et al., 2006).