FOXO3 and muscular atrophy: However, UPS may have the less function on the aging-related muscular atrophy due to no significant aging-dependent change in the expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 [65, 66], which stimulates us to focus on FOXO3a as a downstream target regulated by AMPK and an effective inducer for the autophagy-lysosome system to explore the underlying mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of aging-related atrophy of skeletal muscle during SPD and exercise interventions.