VEGFA and cancer: Cell-to-cell heterogeneity was detected for multiple genes in important cancer-related pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT), Notch, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways.