In both of the studies, CA-II autoantibody levels were measured in type 1 and 2 diabetes patients, and CA-II autoantibody levels were higher in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to those with type 2 diabetes.20,28 The results of those studies supports that type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune endocrinopathy. The gene discussed is CA2; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.