In summary, we provided a better understanding of the biology of ESCC carcinogenesis by PHBP1. We investigate that the PHBP1 was significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues and increased expression of PHBP1 might play a promotion role in ESCC carcinogenesis by binding to PHB mRNA forming RNA duplex, consequently inducing PHB mRNA stability and transcription. This evidence concerns the gene PHB1P1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.