PDCD1 and neoplasm: To address the question whether there is any association of VEGFA copy number status and alterations of the immune microenvironment in CRCs, we performed an immunohistochemical study to define the presence of M1/M2 macrophage (using CD68 and CD163 as markers for M1/M2 and M2 macrophages, respectively), the presence of PD-1-positive tumor infiltrating and stromal lymphocytes and the distribution of PD-L1 expression in the tumor and the stroma.