Encouraged by the promising results in melanoma [103] and multiple myeloma patients [104], we anticipate that r/r NHL patients will also benefit from ICB therapies combined with other immunotherapeutic agents (such as anti-CD20 or anti-CD30), or from a combination of multiple ICB therapies (such as those targeting PD-1, CD137 and LAG3). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.