PRKCA and squamous cell carcinoma: Using human esophageal samples, carcinogen NMBA-induced esophageal cancer rat model, genetic deficient mouse model, cultured cell, and deeply mining oncology data base, we have demonstrated that PLCE 1 and PRKCA are altered in a similar pattern during the development of esophageal inflammation (esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus) and malignant transformation (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma).