TNF and breast cancer: Another study showed that elevated serum TNF-α (> 6.20 pg/mL) was associated with a 52% decreased risk of progression of breast cancer [34], whereas other studies have shown that blockade of TNF-α inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in a triple negative breast cancer cell line [35], and its deletion is also able to inhibit migration, invasion and metastasis [36].