Elevated expression of a number of monocyte chemoattractants, including chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, CCL4, CCL8 and CCL5 (RANTES), by both tumour and stromal cells within tumours has been shown to positively correlate with increased number of MDSCs and TAMs in many human tumours 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. This evidence concerns the gene CCL8 and neoplasm.