SYK and hepatocellular carcinoma: Hypermethylation of SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase) or CHFR (checkpoint with fork-head associated and ring finger) occurs specifically in advanced stages of HCC, whereas abnormal DNA methylation of p15, GAAD45a, SFRP1, DOK1, CHRNA3, GSTP1, CRABP1, p16, and RASSF1A occurs at all stages of HCC [20–23].