However, despite H. pylori-induced PI3K activation, the infection promotes opposite effects in gastric cells, such as cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and apoptotic cell death (Shirin et al., 1999; Ahmed et al., 2000) via mechanisms that may involve loss of Survivin (Valenzuela et al., 2010, 2013) amongst others. The gene discussed is BIRC5; the disease is infection.