More recently, Rao et al. demonstrated that GNC decreased levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) but increased levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and gangliocytoma.