Although glucose intolerance is diagnostic of T2D, a recent systematic review of 86 papers examining T2D and cognition only reported a weak association between glycaemia, and cognition (Geijselaers et al., 2015) and there is even less evidence for an association with other measures of peripheral glucose regulation and cognitive function (e.g., insulin concentration, insulin action, insulin resistance) (Geijselaers et al., 2015). Here, INS is linked to Glucose intolerance.