ATG12 and pneumococcal infection: Following autophagy induction by rapamycin or pneumococcal infection, the Atg5 protein was significantly induced (Figure 1d, left panel), as has previously been described.27 Note these blots show the conjugate of Atg5 with Atg12 that forms on induction of autophagy.28 Again, compared with control siRNA, siRNA to Atg5 produced a significant inhibition of Atg5 induction, and inhibited conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II (Figure 2d).