Similarly, missense mutations in the C-terminal region of the nesprin-1 (SYNE1) and -2 (SYNE2) genes and SUN1/2 genes were identified in EDMD-DCM patients, leading to disrupted nesprin/lamin/emerin/SUN1/2 interactions and nuclear morphology defects (40,41). The gene discussed is SYNE1; the disease is familial dilated cardiomyopathy.