Mutations in both nesprins and SUN1/2 have also been implicated in EDMD-DCM, whereby mutants cause abnormal localisation of the LINC complex proteins including lamin, emerin and SUN, and disrupted nesprin/lamin/emerin/SUN interactions, leading to defects in nuclear morphology and nuclear-cytoskeletal coupling (13–16). This evidence concerns the gene EMD and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.