MMP-3 expression in response to H. pylori was suggested to depend on the presence of phosphorylated CagA EPIYA motifs in gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines and is regulated alike the EMT markers ZEB1 (zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1), vimentin, snail, and CD44 [82]; However, this dependency on CagA was not observed in mouse infection models [75]. This evidence concerns the gene S100A8 and infection.