In this regard, we found that enhanced fractalkine levels in T2D patients were associated with G-CSF (r = 0.91, P < 0.0001), IFN-α2 (r = 0.97, P < 0.0001), IL-17A (r = 0.79, P < 0.0001), IL-1β (r = 0.97, P < 0.0001), IL-12P70 (r = 0.90, P < 0.0001), TNF-α (r = 0.58, P = 0.003), and IL-6 (r = 0.60, P = 0.002) levels in the circulation (Fig. 3a–g). This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.