LHX1 and breast carcinoma: For example, LHX1, LHX2 and LHX4 have been identified as oncogenes of nephroblastoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, chronic myeloid leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and LHX3, LHX5 and LHX6 were considered methylation biomarkers of breast cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and cervical cancer, while LHX9 and LMX1 A were recognized as tumor-suppressor genes of pediatric malignant astrocytomas, follicular lymphoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and bladder cancer47.