PDK1 and cancer: Furthermore, FBP1 directly binds to and inhibits hypoxia-inducible factors in the nucleus by mediating transcriptional downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor target genes including PDK1, LDHA and GLUT1. 10 Loss or downregulation of FBP1 is detected in several cancer types and decreased expression of FBP1 associates with tumor node metastasis stage and poor survival of patients.3, 27, 28 Restored FBP1 expression markedly suppresses cancer cell growth.