Twist1 participates in many cellular processes such as proliferation, EMT, invasion/metastasis,34, 35, 36, 37 angiogenesis/VM,38, 39 cancer stem cell formation,40 multi-drug resistance41 and apoptosis inhibition.42 Twist1 is highly expressed in many different types of aggressive tumors, especially PCa.24, 43, 44 Our data provided evidences that the high Twist1 level played extremely important roles in driving cancer initiation, progression and metastasis in PCa. Here, TWIST1 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.